Parallel programming model
Tomasulo algorithm
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Parallel programming model
In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition inprograms. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality: how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures, and its performance: how efficiently the compiled programs can execute.The implementation of a parallel programming model can take the form of a library invoked from asequential language, as an extension to an existing language, or as an entirely new language.
Consensus around a particular programming model is important because it leads to different parallel computers being built with support for the model, thereby facilitatingportability of software. In this sense, programming models are referred to as bridging between hardware and software.
Tomasulo algorithm
Tomasulo’s algorithm is a computer architecture hardware algorithm for dynamic scheduling of instructions that allows out-of-order execution, designed to efficiently utilize multiple execution units.
The major innovations of Tomasulo’s algorithm include register renaming in hardware, reservation stations for all execution units, and a common data bus (CDB) on which computed values broadcast to all reservation stations that may need them. These developments allow for improved parallel execution of instructions that would otherwise stall under the use of scoreboarding or other earlier algorithms.
Fast Ethernet
In computer networking, Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s (the original Ethernet speed was 10 Mbit/s). Of the Fast Ethernet standards, 100BASE-TX is by far the most common.
Fast Ethernet was introduced in 1995 as the IEEE 802.3u standard and remained the fastest version of Ethernet for three years before it was superseded by the Gigabit Ethernet. The acronym GE/FE is sometimes used for devices supporting both standards
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000 bits per second), as defined by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard. It came into use beginning in 1999, gradually supplanting Fast Ethernet in wired local networks, as a result of being considerably faster. The cables and equipment are very similar to previous standards and have been very common and economical since 2010.
Half-duplex gigabit links connected through repeater hubs were part of the IEEE specification,
but the specification is not updated anymore and full-duplex operation with switches is used exclusively.
